BON VOYAGE
Christopher Columbus participated in multiple voyages throughout his life, each time discovering new goods and land; the new world. He first set sail on August 3rd in 1492 with three ships; the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. They were wooden ships with sails and on each there were about 90 sailors. Throughout his voyages he used a compass to help him navigate and a traverse board to plot the direction he wanted to sail in. The voyage took longer than Columbus expected, because there was never land, just ocean, and the men onboard got scared as they were running out of food and water. After 36 days, a sailor on the Pinta spotted an island and on 12th of October 1492 the explorers went ashore. Columbus named the island San Salvador and it was located in the Bahamas.
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Native AmericansOn the island which Columbus “found” there were people, Native Americans. Columbus called them ‘Indians’, because he thought they were in ‘The Indies’. The Native Americans were happy to have visitors. Columbus himself even gave them presents and bells, but they were soon faced with the hardest times of their lives - they would become slaves.
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A New WorldColumbus explores the Bahamas and later sailed on to Cuba and Hispaniola. This was a world new to Europeans as they had never been there before. People therefore later on called it the New World.
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New GoodsWhen Columbus came back from his first Voyage to Spain,he brought many new goods from The "New Land" to prove to the King and Queen that he really found something. He brought back goods like Cocoa, Potatoes, Maize, Pineapples, Tobacco, and a lot more. Apart from goods he also brought back animals and cultures. With the new cultures he also reintroduced slavery.
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His First Voyage
After Christopher Columbus convinced the King and Queen of Spain to finance and support his first voyage, he immediately set sail. Columbus departed Spain on August 3rd, 1492 and quickly made port in the Canary Islands for the restocking of food and water before he would leave on his long journey. He left the Canary Islands on September 6. Columbus sailed with three ships under his command: the Nina (captained by Vicente Yanez Pinzon), the Pinta (captained by Martin Alonso Pinzon), and the Santa Maria.
On October 12, a sailor aboard on the Pinta sighted land, but Columbus claimed that he has seen it earlier, as he made a promise to whomever spotted land first got to keep the reward. The land that was spotted was a small island in the region, which is today known as the Bahamas. Columbus names the island San Salvador, although in his journal he remarked that the natives called it Guanahani.
Columbus explored five islands in the Bahama region before he continued onto Cuba, which he reached on October 28, harboring close to the eastern tip of the island. He thought he had found China he sent out two men to investigate, Rodrigo de Jerez and Luis de Torres. The men failed their job to find the Emperor of China, but instead visited a native Taino village. They were the first to see people smoking tobacco, a habit which they soon picked up.
When they left Cuba, Columbus arrived in Haiti on December 5, but he renamed it La Espanola. Twenty days later the Santa Maria ran aground and therefore has to be abandoned. Columbus took over the role of captain on the Nina, as the Pinta has separated from the other two ships earlier. He negotiated with the local chief and arranged for him to leave 39 of his men behind as a settlement named La Navidad.
On January 6 the Pinta arrived and were reunited; they set sail 10 days later. The two ships arrived in Lisbon, Portugal on March 4, and returned to Spain soon after.
On October 12, a sailor aboard on the Pinta sighted land, but Columbus claimed that he has seen it earlier, as he made a promise to whomever spotted land first got to keep the reward. The land that was spotted was a small island in the region, which is today known as the Bahamas. Columbus names the island San Salvador, although in his journal he remarked that the natives called it Guanahani.
Columbus explored five islands in the Bahama region before he continued onto Cuba, which he reached on October 28, harboring close to the eastern tip of the island. He thought he had found China he sent out two men to investigate, Rodrigo de Jerez and Luis de Torres. The men failed their job to find the Emperor of China, but instead visited a native Taino village. They were the first to see people smoking tobacco, a habit which they soon picked up.
When they left Cuba, Columbus arrived in Haiti on December 5, but he renamed it La Espanola. Twenty days later the Santa Maria ran aground and therefore has to be abandoned. Columbus took over the role of captain on the Nina, as the Pinta has separated from the other two ships earlier. He negotiated with the local chief and arranged for him to leave 39 of his men behind as a settlement named La Navidad.
On January 6 the Pinta arrived and were reunited; they set sail 10 days later. The two ships arrived in Lisbon, Portugal on March 4, and returned to Spain soon after.
His Second Voyage
Christopher Columbus decided to go on a second voyage, because after his first voyage he thought that he had discovered and uncharted island near japan or china and it needed more exploration. He managed to convince the Spanish crown to finance another voyage of discovery and colonization. They gave him 17 ships with more than 1000 men. Apart from the ships and the men he also took European domesticated animals such as pigs, horses and cattle. His second voyage started in 1493, and the king and queen supported it because they wanted him to establish friendly relationships with the natives of the “New World”.
He first travelled to Dominica (he named it and the name is still used today) on November 3, 1943 and after exploring for a while, he went on to the Greater Antilles in Puerto Rico. After a few weeks, November 22, he went on to La Navidad where he had left some men during his first voyage, but as he arrived there he realised that all of them had been killed. He decided to establish a new settlement and did this on the coast path of Hispaniola, he called it Isabella. Columbus spent there just about 5 months. Later on he revisited Cuba, explored Jamaica and visited other little islands.
In 1496, he enslaved 560 people even though the King and Queen of Spain were against it. However on their trip back to spain around 200 people died and more than the half of the remaining were ill. The second Voyage of Christopher Columbus ended in 1496 and it was the reason for the beginning of slavery for the Spanish in the new World.
He first travelled to Dominica (he named it and the name is still used today) on November 3, 1943 and after exploring for a while, he went on to the Greater Antilles in Puerto Rico. After a few weeks, November 22, he went on to La Navidad where he had left some men during his first voyage, but as he arrived there he realised that all of them had been killed. He decided to establish a new settlement and did this on the coast path of Hispaniola, he called it Isabella. Columbus spent there just about 5 months. Later on he revisited Cuba, explored Jamaica and visited other little islands.
In 1496, he enslaved 560 people even though the King and Queen of Spain were against it. However on their trip back to spain around 200 people died and more than the half of the remaining were ill. The second Voyage of Christopher Columbus ended in 1496 and it was the reason for the beginning of slavery for the Spanish in the new World.
His Third Voyage
Even when Christopher Columbus went on his third voyage he still believed that his voyages were taking him to China but instead he was not even close.
His third voyage started in 1498 and ended in 1500. When he arrived in the New world he first landed in Trinidad and after that he went on to explore South America and some of the islands around South America.
Later on he returned to Hispaniola where he had left some of his men to settle. As he arrived there he found his settlers not being happy because they felt that he had lied to them about the abundance of riches.
The indies had appointed Columbus Viceroy and Governor of the indies, but he was not able to handle the post, mainly because of health problems. This led to him asking for help in governing and this made the Indies upset. In the end Columbus got arrested by Bobadilla becuase of the complaints of the Indies. They sent him back to Spain and he spent six weeks in jail there before they released him.
His third voyage started in 1498 and ended in 1500. When he arrived in the New world he first landed in Trinidad and after that he went on to explore South America and some of the islands around South America.
Later on he returned to Hispaniola where he had left some of his men to settle. As he arrived there he found his settlers not being happy because they felt that he had lied to them about the abundance of riches.
The indies had appointed Columbus Viceroy and Governor of the indies, but he was not able to handle the post, mainly because of health problems. This led to him asking for help in governing and this made the Indies upset. In the end Columbus got arrested by Bobadilla becuase of the complaints of the Indies. They sent him back to Spain and he spent six weeks in jail there before they released him.
His Fourth Voyage
On May 11, 1502, Christopher Columbus set out sail on his fourth and last voyage to the New World. He had 4 ships and his goals were to explore more uncharted areas, this time to the west of the Caribbean, hoping to find a passage west to the Orient. Columbus was able to explore southern central America, but his ships were damaged by a hurricane and termites. His men and him were stranded on Jamaica for a year before they were rescued.
Although Columbus was a good sailor, he was not a good administrator, which turned the colony he founded, Hispaniola, against
him. After his third voyage he was arrested and later sent back to Spain in chains! He was freed by the King and Queen, but his reputation, which he had build for himself, was damaged. Luckily, the royals still agreed to finance the last voyage of discovery.
With the royals' support, Columbus got 4 vessels: Capitana, Gallega, Vizcaina, and Santiago de Palos. His brothers, Diego and Bartholomew Columbus, and his son Fernando joined, as did some of the sailors from earlier voyages. By this time Columbus himself was 51 and became known for being eccentric; "he believed that when the Spanish united the world under Christianity (which they would do quickly with gold and wealth from the New World) that the world would end," (Latin American History, The Fourth New World Voyage of Christopher Columbus).
Columbus was not welcome on Hispaniola, as many settlers remembered his cruel and horrible administration, but that did not stop him from visiting, which he did after visiting Martinique and Puerto Rico. He was hoping that he could exchange one of his ships, the Santiago de Palos, for a vessel that was quicker. While negotiating, he told the new governor, Nicolas de Ovando, that he should delay the fleet heading for Spain and there was a storm approaching.
Ovando, as a response, forced Columbus to anchor his ships somewhere nearby, but ignored his advice, he sent 28 ships to Spain. On the way a harsh hurricane sank 24 of the vessels, 3 returned and only one of them arrived in Spain safely.
Once the hurricane passed, Columbus' small leftover fleet continued looking for what they came - a passage west. The storms continued, making the journey extremely hard. The ships were damaged even more, forced them to anchor close to Honduras on an island that many believe now to be Guanaco. They repaired they ships, took on supplies, and continued on.
Columbus went to the south, along the coasts of Nicaragua, Costa Rice and Panama. He met natives, observed their cultures and maize being cultivated, and stone structured. They tried to trade their gold for food as much as possible. In 1503, Columbus' ships started to give up, both being damaged from the hurricane and the termites onboard. He then set sail for Santo Domingo, but his ships only made it as far as Santa Gloria in Jamaica.
The crew and Columbus himself made peace with the natives who took care of them by bringing them food. Also, he was able to get in contact with Ovando, but he did not have the resources to help him. They were forced to stay in Jamaica for a year, but in June of 1504, two ships arrived ready to take them back to Spain. They arrived later that year.
Although Columbus was a good sailor, he was not a good administrator, which turned the colony he founded, Hispaniola, against
him. After his third voyage he was arrested and later sent back to Spain in chains! He was freed by the King and Queen, but his reputation, which he had build for himself, was damaged. Luckily, the royals still agreed to finance the last voyage of discovery.
With the royals' support, Columbus got 4 vessels: Capitana, Gallega, Vizcaina, and Santiago de Palos. His brothers, Diego and Bartholomew Columbus, and his son Fernando joined, as did some of the sailors from earlier voyages. By this time Columbus himself was 51 and became known for being eccentric; "he believed that when the Spanish united the world under Christianity (which they would do quickly with gold and wealth from the New World) that the world would end," (Latin American History, The Fourth New World Voyage of Christopher Columbus).
Columbus was not welcome on Hispaniola, as many settlers remembered his cruel and horrible administration, but that did not stop him from visiting, which he did after visiting Martinique and Puerto Rico. He was hoping that he could exchange one of his ships, the Santiago de Palos, for a vessel that was quicker. While negotiating, he told the new governor, Nicolas de Ovando, that he should delay the fleet heading for Spain and there was a storm approaching.
Ovando, as a response, forced Columbus to anchor his ships somewhere nearby, but ignored his advice, he sent 28 ships to Spain. On the way a harsh hurricane sank 24 of the vessels, 3 returned and only one of them arrived in Spain safely.
Once the hurricane passed, Columbus' small leftover fleet continued looking for what they came - a passage west. The storms continued, making the journey extremely hard. The ships were damaged even more, forced them to anchor close to Honduras on an island that many believe now to be Guanaco. They repaired they ships, took on supplies, and continued on.
Columbus went to the south, along the coasts of Nicaragua, Costa Rice and Panama. He met natives, observed their cultures and maize being cultivated, and stone structured. They tried to trade their gold for food as much as possible. In 1503, Columbus' ships started to give up, both being damaged from the hurricane and the termites onboard. He then set sail for Santo Domingo, but his ships only made it as far as Santa Gloria in Jamaica.
The crew and Columbus himself made peace with the natives who took care of them by bringing them food. Also, he was able to get in contact with Ovando, but he did not have the resources to help him. They were forced to stay in Jamaica for a year, but in June of 1504, two ships arrived ready to take them back to Spain. They arrived later that year.